Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Macbeth Character Flaw :: essays research papers
Brian Bozarth                                        Bozarth 1 Mrs. Thurmond English IV – 6 February 22, 2001 Macbeth’s Tragic Flaw      Every one has a character flaw. Some are more serious than others. For instance, some people pick their nose, while others drink milk directly from the carton. After a while a person’s character flaws will come back to haunt them. Shakespeare is a master at pointing out one’s character flaws and showing how those flaw bring down that person or society in general. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth he does just that. Macbeth is a tragic hero whose character flaws are ambition and avarice.      The play opens with Macbeth, a popular noble who quells a military coup against the King of Scotland by a Scottish nobleman, Macdonwald. This is looked at by other nobles as and honorable deed. The King then gives Macbeth the late Macdonwald’s former title. In this instance ambition is a good thing: but alls to week for brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name (I ii 16). The king even said â€Å"O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman†(I ii 24). His ambition was use to do a good thing, but if you stop to think; would any of this happened had he not killed Macdonwald.      In the next scene we see the witches doing things that witches like to do. Then enters Macbeth with Banquo. They spot the witches and Banquo insults them. The witches turn to Macbeth and tell him he will be king: All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter (I iii 50). That single line is what sparks Maspeth’s evil ambition. This is the also the point when Macbeth start to turn evil. The witches also tell Macbeth he will become Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth replies to all this: to be king stands not within the prospect of belief (I iii 75). At this point Macbeth is skeptical, but then Ross tells him he is thane of Cawdor. Macbeth starts to believe he can become king. He is now successor to the throne of Scotland.      Since Macbeth is heir to the throne of Scotland, all he has to do is get rid of King Duncan. In scene IV Duncan names his son the Prince of Cumberland. Macbeth is outraged:           The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step           On which I must fall down, or else o’erlap,           For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires;           Let not light se my black and deep desires:           The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
About Myself
Nuclear Power is produced when a nucleus absorbs a neutron and splits into two lighter nuclei. This releases enormous amounts of energy which in turn produces heat. In fact the Uranium, which is the most common element used to produce nuclear power today, has an energy content about 3 million times greater than that of fossil fuel. Consequently 1 gram of Uranium is equivalent to approximately 3 tones of coal. Nuclear reactors harness the heat which is produced from the energy released when the atom splits and convert it into electrical energy. Current Nuclear Power plants require the the use of the rare Uranium isotope U-235 and consequently only use one fifth of the total energy content. Next generation reactors forecast to be available in 2020's will use all the energy in Uranium or the more abundant Thorium. Nuclear reactors produce vast amounts of radioactive waste including large amounts of very long lived radioactive atoms. These radioactive particles are a product of the splitting of the atom. We are constantly exposed to low-level radioactivity from cosmic rays from outer space and naturally occurring radioactive isotopes which in general do not cause any harm. However at high levels of exposure there are numerous biological effects of radiation. These cause cell death, cancer induction and can cause genetic damage. The waste of nuclear reactors is highly radioactive and long lived, and as a consequence must be isolated from humans for around 100,000 years. The current consensus is that Nuclear Waste should be disposed in secure containers and placed deep underground. Future technology promises to turn the long lived radioactive particles into shorter lived atoms.
Monday, January 6, 2020
The Revolutionary War Hero Ethan Allen
Ethan Allen was born in Litchfield, Connecticut in 1738. He fought in the American Revolutionary War. Allen was the leader of the Green Mountain Boys and along with Benedict Arnold captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775 in what was the first American victory of the war. After Allen’s attempts to have Vermont become a state failed, he then unsuccessfully petitioner to have Vermont become part of Canada. Vermont became a state two years after Allen’s death in 1789. Early Years Ethan Allen was born on January 21, 1738, to Joseph and Mary Baker Allen in Litchfield, Connecticut, Shortly after birth, the family moved to the neighboring town of Cornwall. Joseph wanted him to attend Yale University, but as the oldest of eight children, Ethan was forced to run the family property upon Josephs’ death in 1755. Around 1760, Ethan made his first visit to the New Hampshire Grants, which is presently in the state of Vermont. At the time, he was serving in the Litchfield County militia fighting in the Seven Years’ War. In 1762, Ethan married Mary Brownson and they had five children. After Mary’s death in 1783, Ethan married Frances Fanny Brush Buchanan in 1784 and they had three children. The beginning of the Green Mountain Boys Although Ethan served in the French and Indian War, he did not see any action. After the war, Allen purchased land near the New Hampshire Grants in what is now Bennington, Vermont. Shortly after purchasing this land, a dispute arose between New York and New Hampshire over the land’s sovereign ownership. In 1770, in response to a New York Supreme Court ruling that the New Hampshire Grants were invalid, a militia named the â€Å"Green Mountain Boys†was formed in order to keep their land free and clear from the so-called â€Å"Yorkers†. Allen was named as their leader and the Green Mountain Boys used intimidation and sometimes violence in order to force the Yorkers to leave. Role in the American Revolution At the onset of the Revolutionary War, the Green Mountain Boys immediately joined forces with the Continental Army. The Revolutionary War officially began on April 19, 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. A major consequence of the â€Å"Battles†was the Siege of Boston whereby colonial militiamen surrounded the city in an attempt to keep the British Army from leaving Boston. After the siege began, Massachusetts military governor for the British, General Thomas Gage realized the importance of Fort Ticonderoga and sent a dispatch to General Guy Carleton, Quebec’s governor, ordering him to send additional troops and munitions to Ticonderoga. Before the dispatch could reach Carleton in Quebec, the Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan and in a joint effort with Colonel Benedict Arnold were ready to attempt to overthrow the British at Ticonderoga. At the break of dawn on May 10, 1775, the Continental Army won the first American victory of the young war when it crossed Lake Champlain and a force that numbered around one hundred militiamen overran the fort and captured the British forces while they slept. There was not a single soldier killed on either side nor were there any serious injuries during this battle. The following day, a group of the Green Mountain Boys led by Seth Warner took Crown Point, which was another British fort just a few miles north of Ticonderoga. One major result of these battles was that colonial forces now had the artillery that they would need and use throughout the War. Ticonderoga’s location made the perfect staging ground for Continental Army to initiate their first campaign during the Revolutionary War – an invasion of into the British-held province of Quebec, Canada. Attempt to Overtake Fort St. John In May, Ethan led a detachment of 100 Boys to overtake Fort St. John. The group was in four bateaux, but failed to take provisions and after two days without food, his men were extremely hungry. They came across on Lake St. John, and while Benedict Arnold provided the men food he also attempted to discourage Allen from his goal. However, he refused to heed the warning. When the group landed just above the fort, Allen learned that at least 200 British regulars were approaching. Being outnumbered, he led his men across the Richelieu River where his men spent the night. While Ethan and his men rested, the British began to fire artillery at them from across the river, causing the Boys to panic and return to Ticonderoga. Upon their return, Seth Warner replaced Ethan as the leader of the Green Mountain Boys due to their losing respect for Allen’s actions in trying to overtake Fort St. John. Campaign in Quebec Allen was able to convince Warner to allow him to stay on as a civilian scout as the Green Mountain Boys were participating in the campaign in Quebec. On September 24, Allen and about 100 men crossed the Saint Lawrence River, but the British had been alerted to their presence. In the ensuing Battle of Longue-Pointe, he and about 30 of his men were captured. Allen was imprisoned in Cornwall, England for approximately two years and returned to the United States on May 6, 1778, as part of a prisoner exchange. Time After the War Upon his return, Allen settled in Vermont, a territory which had declared its independence from the United States as well as from Britain. He took it upon himself to petition the Continental Congress to make Vermont the fourteenth U.S. state, but due to Vermont having disputes with surrounding states of over the rights to the territory, his attempt failed. He then negotiated with Canadian governor Frederick Haldimand to become part of Canada but those attempts also failed. His attempts to have Vermont become part of Canada which would have reunited the state with Great Britain, eroded the public’s confidence in his political and diplomatic capabilities. In 1787, Ethan retired to his home in what is now Burlington, Vermont. He died in Burlington on February 12, 1789. Two years later, Vermont joined the United States. Two of Ethan’s sons graduated from West Point and then serve in the United States Army. His daughter Fanny converted to Catholicism and then she entered a convent. A grandson, Ethan Allen Hitchcock, was a Union Army general in the American Civil War.
Sunday, December 29, 2019
The Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath - 1917 Words
Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar explores the life of nineteen-year old Esther Greenwood, an English major who is rather disdainful toward the 1950’s society she lives in. Esther does not desire to be controlled by society’s gender-based constraints. To add on, Esther feels greatly oppressed by the patriarchal framework constructed. The existence of the â€Å"authentic self†is absent in Esther’s life as she embarks on the search for her identity. Despite her successes in school, Esther slowly begins to descend into a mental breakdown since she cannot come to terms with her authentic self. Throughout The Bell Jar, Esther’s identity is constituted through a series of masks, costumes as well as performances. By the end of the novel, Esther escapes from the bell jar by eradicating abnormal and queer desires and recovers by possessing the performance of conforming to the disciplining structures of heteronormative expectations. To begin with, a bell j ar is â€Å"a bell-shaped glass jar or cover for protecting delicate instruments or for containing gases or a vacuum in chemical experiences†(â€Å"Bell jar†). In other words, a bell jar prevents the outside surroundings to seep into the inside and protected surrounding. A bell jar also displays the object it is protecting and shielding from the outer surrounding. In the novel, Esther Greenwood is trapped inside a bell jar. Esther admits in chapter fifteen that in her bell jar, she stews in her own â€Å"sour air†(185). The sour air that heavily restsShow MoreRelatedThe Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath1318 Words  | 6 Pageswe live. Many authors who seek this understanding fall short of their expectations and find themselves questioning life to an even greater extent than they had prior to their endeavors. One example of this would be author and poet Sylvia Plath, whose novel The Bell Jar parallels the tragic events that occurred throughout her own life. This coming-of-age story follows the life of Esther, a very bright and introverted student from Boston. She spends a month in New York City as a contest-winning juniorRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words  | 5 PagesOn January 14th of 1963, Sylvia Plath had finally completed The Bell Jar after approximately two years of writing. This novel could have been considered a partial autobiography, because the main character Esther Greenwood eerily represents Sylvia Plath. There are a number of references to Plath’s real life throughout the book, too many for it to be considered a mere coincidence. Within the story, Esther Greenwood considers and attempts suicide quite frequently. Could this novel have been foreshadowingRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath Essay1438 Words  | 6 Pagesthe novel been translated into nearly a dozen different languages, but it is also the only novel under the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath. She wrote this novel to resemble her life whenever she was dealing with mental illness. It was published in 1967 and was not published in the United States until 1971. After the first publication in the United Kingdom, Plath committed suicide in a very tragic way.  Even though this novel can be viewed as â€Å"dark†, many english classes read this world wideRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1099 Words  | 5 PagesThe Bell Jar by: Sylvia Plath Depression is a serious topic throughout the world, especially in America. Depression can result in someone feeling completely alone. There is no direct cause for depression in adolescents, but it can be brought on by the maturing process, stress from failure in some sort, a traumatic or disturbing event such as death, or even a break up. Sure, everyone has an off day here and there, where they feel like they shouldn’t even bother getting out bed in the morning, butRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words  | 5 PagesSylvia Plath Research Paper Title The Bell Jar place[s] [the] turbulent months[of an adolescent’s life] in[to] mature perspective (Hall, 30). In The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath uses parallelism, stream of consciousness, the motif of renewal and rebirth, symbolism of the boundary-driven entrapped mentally ill, and auto-biographical details to epitomize the mental downfall of protagonist, Esther Greenwood. Plath also explores the idea of how grave these timeless and poignant issues can affect a fragileRead More The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1820 Words  | 7 PagesIdentity is fragile and is a characteristic that every person must discover without hiding behind inexperience’s and excluding themselves from the outside world of reality or else their own personal bell jar will suffocate them alive. The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical novel written by Sylvia Plath portrays how a young woman with too many identities and unrealistic expectations overwhelms herself to the point that she contemplates and attempts su icide multiple times. Esther Greenwood, a young collegeRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath942 Words  | 4 Pagesdevelopment of her relationship with many characters in the novel, The Bell Jar. Esther is mentally and emotionally different than a majority of the people in her community. As a result of this state, she often has difficulty taking criticism to heart. Her depression continues to build throughout the novel as she remains in the asylum. It does not help that she has no aid from her loved ones. In the novel, The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath utilizes the relationships that Esther shares with Buddy Willard MrsRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1274 Words  | 6 Pagesnovel The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath the prime character, Esther Greenwood, struggles to handle life in her own skin. She feels as though she is trapped in a glass bell jar with no escape because of her incapability to comprehend herself. For example, in chapter one Plath states, â€Å"‘My name s Elly H igginbottom,’ I said. ‘I come from Chicago.’ After that I felt safer. I didn t want anything I said or did that night to be associated with me and my real name and coming from Boston†(Plath 11). In thisRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1554 Words  | 6 Pagestrials and triumphs in their personal life, their relationships with others and their surroundings. In the Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath explores the role of women in society in 1950s New York City through her relationships and interactions. Esther Greenwood is the major character and is therefore central to the novel. The book is considered to be a â€Å"roman a` clef†portraying the painful summer of Sylvia Plath’s psychotic breakdown in 1953, and contains â€Å"thinly disguised portraits of her family and friends†Read MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1940 Words  | 8 PagesAccording to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the definition of the word â€Å"bell jar†is, †Å"a bell-shaped usually glass vessel designed to contain objects or preserve gases and or a vacuum†. Sylvia Plath’s title, The Bell Jar, symbolically represents her feeling towards the seclusion and inferiority women endured trapped by societes glass vessel during the 1950’s. The Bell Jar, follows the life of Esther Greenwood, the protagonist and narrator of the story, during her desperate attempt to become a woman
Saturday, December 21, 2019
Divine Love In The Inferno - 1232 Words
In Dante’s masterwork, The Divine Comedy, Dante traverse through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. He is lead through the inferno by the ancient poet Virgil, and while Virgil is still present as a guide through Purgatory, there is a defined shift in his role. Through Inferno, he is without a doubt a knowledgeable guide, whilst in Purgatorio, Virgil walks behind Dante and often relies on the souls ascending Mount Purgatory to help led the way. Dante uses this shift, and the allegorical representation of Virgil as human reason, to show that comprehension of pure love is beyond human reason. Dante claims that â€Å"Neither Creator nor his creatures move, / as you well know†¦ but in the action / of animal or of mind-directed love†(Dante, XVII.†¦show more content†¦52-54). This is the first distinct change in Virgil’s role; he goes from confident leader in the first Canto, to perplexed bystander, eventually following Dante’s idea to ascend the ledge and seek help from the souls of Purgatory. This can be explained literally, in that Virgil is an ancient to whom the idea of Purgatory would be foreign, but it also serves an allegorical purpose to show the tension between love and reason. While still on the first ledge, Virgil has the assurance to lead Dante – â€Å"my Guide led and I followed†(IV. 24) – but is still in search of â€Å"someone who may serve as guide†(IV. 39). It is possible for Virgil to understand how to ascend Mount Purgatory both because in the literal sense, he is aware that the proper path must be upwards and because though he lacks the conception of pure love, he is still able to reach after it. On the second ledge of Ante-Purgatory, Virgil and Dante find their first additional guide, not counting Cato, who, though he does guide the poets by way of instruction, does not actually climb with them. Sordello, a Mantuan like Virgil, is, in a similar manner to Cato, a false guide, as he leads the poets back down the mountain (allegorically, further into sin), in order to ascend further. Even after this descent, it is neither Virgil, nor Sordello who eventually lead Dante to the Gate of Purgatory,Show MoreRelatedThe Divine Comedy1705 Words  | 7 PagesLa Commedia, or more commonly known as The Divine Comedy remains a poetic masterpiece depicting truth and sin. The Divine Comedy, through the journey into the three hells, expresses a universal truth of good versus evil. Alighieri’s life of heartbreak with the influences of other famous poets like Homer and Virgil has affected his writing style, and through reviews by literary experts and their interpretation of Alighieri’s unique use of motifs, The Divine Comedy can be broken down to a epic thatRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri1277 Words  | 6 PagesDante Alighieri wrote the Divine Comedy from 1308-1320. The story narrates Dante’s pilgrimage through hell, purgatory, and hea ven while guided by Virgil and Beatrice. Throughout this journey Dante conforms himself to virtue, properly orders his passions, and conforms his conscience, â€Å"Dante s psychopoiesis operates through the mimetic deformation, reformation, and transformation of conscience†(Macready, 2). This essay will examine what a true conscience is according to the Catechism of the CatholicRead MoreDantes Voyage Through Hell1490 Words  | 6 PagesThe Inferno was written by Dante Alighieri around 1314 and depicts the poet’s imaginary journey through Hell. Dante spent his life traveling from court to court both lecturing and writing down his experiences. His Divine Comedy – the three-part epic poem consisting of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso (Hell, Purgatory and Heaven)– is generally regarded as one of the greatest poetic feats ever accomplished. All three parts are incredible literary feats with symbolism so complex and beautiful thatRead MoreDante Alighieri ( 1265-1321 )1353 Words  | 6 Pagesaddition, the new poetical movement that came about was called the â€Å"Stilnovo†, and was basically a style where poets would discuss their feelings of love and theorize about love. 3. Dante’s wife, Gemma Donati, does not have as large an influence on his work as Beatrice Portinari, his first love. Many of Dante’s poems in the Vita Nuova are based on his love for Beatrice and the passion that he feels for her. 4. Dante held the occupations of a patrician in Florence, a poet and author in Florence, aRead MoreThe Inferno Of Dante Alighieri1647 Words  | 7 Pagesâ€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri†translated by Ciaran Carson, originally written by Dante himself is a classical piece of literature. It is the first part of Dante’s three part epic poem entitled, â€Å"The Divine Comedy†. â€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri†transports the reader into a gradual ride, going from an familiar and earthly land, to descending the depths of Hell in the search of salvation. The imagery conjured up while reading this book is plentiful as Dante’s writing is impeccable. NaturallyRead MoreInferno Research Paper1715 Words  | 7 PagesInferno Research Paper Anthony K. Cassell stated in his critical essay titled â€Å"Farinata†that â€Å"the methods of punishment in Dante’s Hell are exquisitely diverse.†The cantos in Inferno are focused on Circles or subdivisions of Hell that describe specific punishments for the suffering souls based upon the sin they committed. The deeper into Hell, the worse the sins that were committed, therefore the agonies of the punishments are greater. In Inferno, Dante brings the issue of sin into light by givingRead MoreInside Inferno by Dante Alighieri: A Story within a Story1178 Words  | 5 PagesInferno is only a piece of a much larger story written by Dante Alighieri. The entire story is called the Divine Comedy, which is composed of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. Together these three pieces tell the story of Dantes journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise; something that is easily discernible through reading the titles of each part. Dante wrote these poems somewhere ar ound the year 1300. Originally written in what Dante referred to as Latin, there have been many different translationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante s Divine Comedy 1201 Words  | 5 PagesDante’s Divine Comedy PSYC 455 12 April 2017 Hell and God’s Love Dante Alighieri lived during the late 13th and early 14th century in Florence Italy. It was during a time when the Guelphs and Ghibellines were rivals and the Guelphs split into two different groups known as the Whites and Blacks. Dante was part of the Whites and was later exiled from Florence. During Dante’s life he had many friends and foes, which he places in his Divine Comedy. The Divine Comedy is based on his love for BeatriceRead MoreHell And Back Dante s Journey Through Hell1362 Words  | 6 PagesTo Hell And Back Dante’s Journey Through Hell The Inferno is a classic novel that tells of Dante’s journey through hell and his rise to purgatory. The book was written by Dante Alighieri as the first part of his Divine Comedy. This trilogy consists of The Inferno, Purgatory, and Paradise (heaven). Dante Alighieri’s The Inferno was a literary inspiration that depicts the beliefs of Christianity and the flaws of human nature through the use of Homer’s, Virgil s, Milton’s, and Shakespeare’sRead MoreComparative Essay Macbeth and Inferno1079 Words  | 5 PagesThe Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri Inferno The poem Inferno is about a man who has â€Å"lost the path that does not stray†(Inferno, Canto I, line 3) where â€Å"the path†represents the path to Heaven. Dante, having strayed from the path, is in danger of being sent to Hell. When Beatrice, whom Dante loved before her early death, finds out that Dante has strayed she becomes worried that he will not be able to join her in Heaven. Beatrice wants to help Dante find God again, but because she is an angel
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Improving the Operation Management of an Organization
Question: Write a report about improving the operation management of an organization. Answer: Introduction This report is about improving the operation management of an organization. For this assignment, Coles Supermarket has been selected. The company has more than 30% market share of the Australian supermarket industry. There are more than 720 stores of Cole's are operating in Australia ("Coles" 2016). The principal business objective of the organization is to increase revenue and customer base in order to gain a competitive advantage in the Australian market. It has been found that presently this super market of Australia is facing various issues related to operation management. In this assignment, a brief description of the operation process of the company has been given with the help of a process map. All the flaws of the business process having a severe impact on the business performance of Cole's super market have been analyzed. The current performance of the organization regarding five major performance objectives namely cost, quality, speed, dependability, and flexibility has als o been measured. This analysis helps to find out the business objectives of the organizations, which need to be improved. Depending on the performance analysis, appropriate recommendations have been suggested to the organization so that it can reconfigure its business process. Company Background Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd is the chain of Australian supermarket owned by Wesfarmers, which was founded by G. J. Coles in the year 1914. At present, it has 776 supermarkets including BI-LO operating throughout Australia. It employs over 100,000 employees and accounts approximately 80% of revenue for Australia along with Woolworths. Its headquarters is in Hawthorn East, Melbourne. The CEO and managing director of the organization is John Durkan. According to 2015 census, Coles revenue is A$ 31.00 billion and operating income is A$ 1.783 billion. This represents a steep growth in revenue at the rate of 5.4%; It accounts for total assets of A$ 19.08 billion approximately ("Coles" 2016). The new management team of Coles has restored pride in the brand name and has formulated a six-point plan to strengthen the trust of the Australians by delivering quality products, service, and value. Coles has focused to deliver high quality fresh products consistently and has always stepped ahead to improve customer experiences. They have rolled out new formats for the stores, launched campaigns like Down-Down for lowering the price, and has mentored its employees to develop skills in selling and serving with personality ("Coles" 2016). It also aims for the welfare of animals by sourcing responsible initiatives including phasing out sow stalls for swine farming and cage-free Coles brand eggs. It has also maintained a persistent and successful partnership with the suppliers and lowered the weekly shop of the customers. They have also launched an online site for the sale of their products from the year 1999 ("Coles" 2016). Company Processes They conduct business keeping in mind that they have a responsibility towards their customers, community, suppliers and the environment. This responsibility affects every facet of their business, and they work in harmony to perform and develop a little better each day. The soft plastic packaging that the customers bring home can be disposed in the specially marked bins in any store of Coles. This practice is named as RED cycle plastic bags and packaging recycling program ("Coles" 2016). The plastic bags thus collected from such bins are recycled and turned into outdoor furniture for the Aussie primary pre-schools and schools. Thus, they are working in collaboration with the customers to provide better environment results. They are in constant practice to improve their efficiency within their supply chain, focusing on reducing wastes and emission of greenhouse gases and adopting methods of recycling. In spite of their vast expansion, they have significantly reduced the use of energies since 2009. Coles use LED lighting, solar power and energy efficient refrigerators in the stores to reduce the power consumption. It also reduced vehicle movement by using the rail transport or domestic line-haul transport for carrying the stocks. The automatic adjustment of the air conditioners based on the number of individuals present in the store is another way to reduce the energy consumption ("Coles" 2016). Coles has committed to reduce the negative impact on the environment by investing in significant environmental policies and partnerships to achieve their objectives and goals further (Ball et al. 2013). They aim to deliver the best quality products to the customers, which are produced in an ethical and responsible way. They simply aim to work towards a sustainable future by supporting the farmers and the local community. Coles supports the suppliers, local farmers, and manufacturers to that extent where the suppliers can extend their business alongside and continue to deliver quality products to the customers. They keep their dealings transparent to ensure strong collaboration and long-term partnership with them. Coles Nurture Fund gives interest-free loans to small and medium entrepreneurs and developing industries to grow and improve their business (Michael and Mottram 2013). Coles Indigenous Food Fund supports native bush foods and indigenous enterprises for the sale of indigenous products through Coles. Coles tries to share their Ethical Sourcing Policy with their partners and suppliers. This Policy is a commitment to purchase products which are manufactured and provided without any exploitation or pose any kind of danger to health, safety and environment (Michael and Mottram 2013). They cite clear instructions to their team members and suppliers about their processes and social standards which they expect to follow in the process of supplying branded products of Coles. They also audit the suppliers regularly to make sure that they are following their standards and they arrange corrective action plans if they fail to observe so. However, if such standards are repeatedly breached then Coles retains the power to terminate their business agreement. Their ethical standards are based on Ethical Trade Initiative and International Labour Organization Convection where they respect local laws (Webster 2015). Child labour is strictly prohibited, appropriate working hours and wages is provided, freedom association and collective bargaining is permitted, no discrimination is permitted and employment is chosen freely and regularly and in all their actions the environme nt is given due regards. It won Fair trade Retail Chain of the Year in 2014 for widely promoting Fair trade Certified products (Ball et al. 2015). Coles believes that Australia is the best food producer in the world, thus they aim to deliver Australian food products wherever they can. They enter into long-term agreements with the local farmers and suppliers to furnish certainty and install confidence in them to invest in their growing business. This achieves long-term relationships with the suppliers. They have launched Coles Supplier Charter that describes what suppliers can expect when they deal with Coles. It represents their seven-point formula regarding commitment to deal with the suppliers in good faith and transparency throughout their relationship (Ball et al. 2015). They commit to the supply of grocery and transparency in de-listing. It respects the integrity of the supplier's business and facilities their trading relationship. They have significant buyer power in the freshly produced product market that affects the quality of the products and the suppliers. It has habitually approached retailing of grocery from demand -oriented standpoint that refers to the seasonal produce, which is kept under controlled atmosphere all the year round and is ripened artificially to satisfy the continuous demands of the customers (Ball et al. 2015). Coles commits to staying ahead of the issues that can affect their industry. Hence, they chose to commission independent researches on a wide range of issues to balance the media, at the same time contribute to political debates, and inform its customers. Recent research has shown that sharing the retail price between the farmers, processors and Coles have greatly benefitted them regarding profit as well as reputation (Webster 2015). It has also committed to promoting the welfare of its workers and it makes sure that the workers are satisfied and are treated fairly. They have help lines to report any unfair labour practices. Apart from these, Coles is engaged in various charitable works where they donate a percentage of their profit on the sale of certain specified products. They proudly support the charitable organizations throughout Australia and the dedicated team members, and its customers raise awareness and funds for the worthy causes. In the last financial year, Coles has dire ctly contributed $36.5 million approximately, and $7.2 million approximately was contributed by its customers, suppliers and team members to charitable causes ("Coles" 2016). Coles aims to follow the London Benchmark Group framework to measure its community investment. They have also generated wide employment opportunities, which have been cited as a boon for the Australians. They have also focused on legislation relating to zonal development (Ball et al. 2015). Figure 1: Process map of Coles (Source: Created by author) Evaluation of process The longer storage systems diminish the availability of the fresh produce in Coles thereby diminishing the nutritious value of the products, which ultimately reach the customers. The market policy of Coles also hinders the distinct food culture of the nation at the local level, as there is a distribution of the uniform range of fresh products nationwide and the minimization of seasonal variation of the products. The high corporate structure and market share of Coles have posed to be a problem in some aspects for the small producers and farmers who have to adapt to the demand-oriented system with a recognized range of products, accreditation guidelines and assertive pricing to supply their produce to Coles (Webster 2015). Coles has started to produce groceries under its private label, which has become a great concern for the smaller producers and local food networks, as their private labelled products are relatively cheaper than the branded products, and thus, they are steeply rising in popularity. Thus, the growth of private labelled products of Coles strictly hinders the development of the producers as well as the regional identity as it concerns with attaining lower price and consistent supply of products, which could be accomplished by big processors like Coles for supplying large-scale contracts. This not only minimizes the regional and local origin produce but also threatens the independent producers as they are exposed to high competition with the private labelled products. The towns and suburbs of Australia have contested the incursion of Coles into the local communities. Economies of scale enable goods to be sold at a lower price while the practice of predatory pricing which is the selling of key items at a lower price than a close competitor can entice the customers away from an established local business. Coles has often been perceived as intruders to the small-owned business community's norms (Economics 2012). The quality of the produce and the erosion of local autonomy show how Coles have adversely affected the community socially and economically. The sale of fresh products is subjected to a corporate level decision over the perceived appearance of the product and its quality. Thus while expanding its vertical integration and compulsory accreditation system Coles makes the situation problematic for the small producers. The increased market share of Coles by private labelled goods has encouraged a step forward at large scale, industrialized processing corporation to guarantee a consistent level of supply. This results in rising concerns for fair and transparent pricing policies. These affect the capability of the small producers to have their produce in stock in the store as the private labelled products of Coles commands an increasing share of the market and thus are shelf space. This also affects the uniqueness and the development of the small-scaled productions of the small producers. C oles' dominance has left negative impacts on the territories like Maleny and Mullumbimby, as they ideologically oppose the entry of supermarkets in their territories, regarding the loss of job, erosion of character of the local business and negative social impacts such as too much control over the decision of the local council (Le et al. 2016). Coles has dominated the food retail market due to three main reasons. Firstly, due to exceedingly sparse urbanized population, Australia has fostered large metropolitan food retailer over small and local retailers to develop. Secondly, wide dispersed hubs of habilitation, food producing centres and transportation network were a challenge for the small producers. Thirdly, the sparseness of the population of Australia accounts for favouritism to substantial economies of scale in order to keep the costs low. Consequently, concerns have also emerged regarding the sustainability and competitiveness effects, as there is an increase in the deliberat ion of the retail sector that particularly affects the small producers and retailers regarding selling power, buying power and retail (Webster 2015). Coles have raised concerns about the food retail sector and competitive issues by rebranding, re-modelling and new look marketplace strategies. This has separated retail into smaller specialist zones that aim to personalize and add range to the shopping experience. This has proved to be a conscious attempt of Coles to lure customers to shop fresh produce within its stores and stay away from the independent retailers. Thus, the shoppers shop for a wide variety of products in Coles and the sale of higher quantities automatically allows for increased profits without raising the price. It superficially blurs the division between corporatized food retail and a marketplace ambiance with separate purveyors for different products. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission found Coles involved in unconscious and deceptive trade practice by advertising its bread as freshly baked in store, which was in reality partly baked in store and frozen off-site by the supplier in 2014. Again, Coles was found guilty of demanding payments improperly from its suppliers. In both the cases, the Federal Court ordered Coles to pay a heavy compensation to serve a deterrent example for other traders from abstaining into unfair and deceptive trade practices (ACCC, 2016). Recommendations Coles can benefit by having flexible opening hours and sell medicines under prescription only. Coles need to revise its competition laws for healthy competition in the market. Coles must not engage in any form of unconscious and deceptive trade practice. They must put reasonable and acceptable conditions for the suppliers. They must take legal advice while undertaking commercial risks. The program acquisition must be reviewed to ensure that they adequately satisfy regarding both specialist skills and size. They must consult with commercial experts on key correspondence with the contractors and attend important meetings with them. Team members must be set up to implement the project management and proper governance of the recommendations. Coles must focus more on transformation and simplification agenda. They must eliminate bureaucracy. They must strongly offer for improvement agenda and provide proper training and education to the team members for better performance. They must try to eliminate complexity in their execution and improve it at the same time. They must outline clear, consistent strategy and proper accountability. They can focus on cultural and strategic alignment and work selectively to add new sites. They can drive convenience by taking initiatives in refurbishments and merchandising. They must focus on strengthening retail disciplines, expertise in supply chain, management team and cultural and strategic alignment. They can optimize their store network by brand and building respective brand strengths and sourcing global strategic position. They must aim to provide maximum benefit to its shareholders by providing them partial relief to meet the expected high proportion demands. Coles can also share turnarounds through Wesfarmers equity and provide full and fair price representing a significant premium to the shareholders.. They can also benefit the employees and the customers by having strong market focus, aiming for employee and customer satisfac tion by improving the values and convenience and providing a better environment to visit and work peacefully. They must always aim to retain their brand name (Holmes and Westbrook 2013). Conclusion After conducting this research work, it has been found that Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd is one of the most successful business chains in Australia. The new management team of Coles has restored pride in the brand name and has formulated a six-point plan to strengthen the trust of Australians in delivering quality products, service, and value. They do business keeping in mind that they have a responsibility towards its customers, the community, the suppliers and the environment. They are in constant practice to improve their efficiency within their supply chain, focusing on reducing wastes and emission of greenhouse gasses and adopting the methods of recycling. The company is trying hard to control its negative impact on the environment. The aim of this company is to provide quality products to their customers. However, the company is presently facing stiff competition from Woolworths. There are various smaller retail organizations developing in Australia who can sell product s at a cheaper value than Coles. It has increased the popularity of these smaller retail markets among the customers of Australia. The company is also presently facing issues related to deceptive advertisements. It has decreased the customer satisfaction for Cole's supermarket. There are some recommendations, which have been suggested given in this report in order to enhance the business performance of Coles. Reference ACCC,. (2016).Court finds Coles engaged in unconscionable conduct and orders Coles pay $10 million penalties.www.accc.gov.au. Ball, K., McNaughton, S.A., Le, H., Andrianopoulos, N., Inglis, V., McNeilly, B., Lichomets, I., Granados, A. and Crawford, D., 2013. Ball, K., McNaughton, S.A., Le, H., Andrianopoulos, N., Inglis, V., McNeilly, B., Lichomets, I., Granados, A. and Crawford, D., Ball, K., McNaughton, S.A., Le, H.N., Gold, L., Mhurchu, C.N., Abbott, G., Pollard, C. and Crawford, D., 2015. Economics, D.A., 2012. Analysis of the grocery industry, Coles Supermarkets Australia. Holmes, N.M. and Westbrook, R.F., 2013. Extinction of reinstated or ABC renewed fear responses renders them resistant to subsequent ABA renewal.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes,39(3), p.208. Le, H.N., Gold, L., Abbott, G., Crawford, D., McNaughton, S.A., Mhurchu, C.N., Pollard, C. and Ball, K., 2016. Economic evaluation of price discounts and skill-building strategies on purchase and consumption of healthy food and beverages: The SHELf randomized controlled trial.Social Science Medicine,159, pp.83-91. Michael, K. and Mottram, L., 2013. Privacy Implications of Coles Supermarket Bank Push. Phillipov, M., 2016. The new politics of food: Television and the media/food industries.Media International Australia,158(1), pp.90-98. Webster, J., 2015. Supply chain accountability: How far does responsibility extend?: Recent enforcement outcomes in the trolley collecting industry. Webster, J., 2015. Whose trolley now?: Workplace liability moves up the supply chain.
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